Neodymium+-+Bryan+Self-explanatory





60 144.2 g mol -1 7.0 g cm-3 1024 °C 3074 °C 0.181 nm 9
 * Atomic Number**
 * Atomic mass**
 * Density**
 * Melting point**
 * Boiling point**
 * Vanderwaals radius**
 * Isotopes**

Carl Auer von Welsbach in 1885 (most commonly known) (He separated neodymium, as well as the element praseodymium, from a material known as didymium by means of fractional crystallization of the double ammonium nitrate tetrahydrates from nitric acid, while following the separation by spectroscopic analysis; however, it was not isolated in relatively pure form until 1925.
 * Discovered by**

Neodymium, a rare eath metal, was present in classical mischmetal to the extent of about 18%. The metal has a bright, silvery metallic luster; however, as one of the more reactive rare earth metals, it quickly oxidizes in air. The oxide layer then falls off, which exposes the metal to further oxidation. Neodymium exists in two allotropic forms, with a transformation from a double hexagonal to a body-centered cubic structure taking place at 863 o C.
 * Physical properties **

Neodymium is dumped in the environment in many different places, mainly by petrol-producing industries. It can also enter the environment when household equipment is thrown away. Neodymium will gradually accumulate in soils and water soils and this will eventually lead to increasing concentrations in humans, animals and soil particles. With water animals neodymium causes damage to cell membranes, which has several negative influences on reproduction and on the functions of the nervous system.
 * Environmental effects**

Didymium, of which neodymium is a component, is used for coloring glass to make welders goggles. By itself, neodymium colors glass delicate shades ranging from pure violet through wine-red and warm gray. Light transmitted through such glass shows unusually sharp absorption bands. The glass has been used in astronomical work to produce sharp bands by which spectral lines may be calibrated. Glass containing neodymium can be used as a laser material to produce coherent light. Neodymium salts are also used to colour enamels. Neodymium is one of the rare chemicals that can be found in houses in equipment such as colour televisions, fluorescent lamps, energy-saving lamps and glasses. It is one of the several metals in alloys commonly used in lighter flints. Furthermore, it can be used to form neodymium magnets, one of the strongest magnets ever discovered. Neodymium magnets appear in products such as microphones, professional loudspeakers, in-ear headphones, and computer hard disks where low mass, small volume, or strong magnetic fields are required.
 * Uses**

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 * References**