'Reuben+Ho'Holmium-+the+best+magnetic+strength+ever

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 Holmium was discovered by .L. Soret in 1878. It is a silvery,soft,ductile and malleable metal. It has a melting point of 1474 degree celcius and a boiling point of 2695 degree celcius. Hence at room temperature, it exists in a solid state. Holmium has the highest magnetic strength of any element and therefore is used for the pole pieces of the strongest static magnets. Because holmium strongly absorbs nuclear-fission-bred neutrons, it is also used in nuclear control rods. Besides nuclear control rods, it can be used as a magnetic flux concentrator to create the strongest artificially-generated magnetic fields. Natural holmium contains one stable isotope which is holmium-165. It has 67 electrons, with 2 being the valence electrons.(refer to electronic structure below) Its atomic radius is 177 nanometer. Holmium does not exist as one element of its own. It is mixed with other rare earth materials like gadolinite and monazite. Holmium can also be known as a lanthanide. =====



//**The electronic structure of Holmium.**//

__**Where can we find Holmium? **__
The main mining areas are China, United States, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka and Australia with reserves of holmium estimated as 400,000 tonnes.



__**How can we extract pure from the earth mixtures? **__
Pure Holmium is extracted via ion-exchange from monazite sand (0.05% holmium).

__**How can Holmium benefit us?**__
Holmium lasers are used to reduce abnormal eye pressure, to treat glaucoma (an eye disorder), and to repair failed glaucoma surgeries.It can be used to to break up kidney stones too!



//**Holmium laser machine**//

__**Does Holmium adversely affect the environment?**__
Holmium has no biological role and it is considered one of the least abundant elements present in human body. It has been noted that holmium stimulates metabolism, even if it appears to have a low acute toxic rating.



__**Biblography:**__
-http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcReyrFWdciK9CtNBkmEGzyZNt4dgDzLmDZzkyyg1fdbBN0IkE8G -http://t0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQjWj9A6hkuyx1C2K_FTtigxdjxtWa5Sli4ntOV3bN3UE4jxcz7QQ -http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQl_r_65bgiz7CffzvVEM5av9BHkrc3jH0lzEcNcrs46Gn6Y7Kt -http://t1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQ9y_LSjEdnohWHDnhmuqhYD8AU5Cpz0AcrMsbkh4arKNGVtbKMfQ -http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/C-K/Holmium.html -http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/ho.htm -http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmium http://www.3rd1000.com/elements/Holmium.htm